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As countries around the world, particularly those within the European Union (E.U.), have become increasingly interested in reducing their emission rates, the potential utilization of electricity-based fuels, otherwise referred to as e-fuels, has offered the ability for these regions to successfully address these climate targets. In fact, the E.U. estimates that e-fuels will successfully meet more than 70% of all transportation-related energy demands by 2050, of which will include aviation, shipping and freight related transport. E-fuels are defined as either gaseous or liquid fuels, such as hydrogen, methane, synthetic petrol and diesel fuels that have been generated from renewable electricity1.
由于研究人员继续为新型电子燃料选择开发不同的化学合成方法,因此它们面临难以将这些电子燃料与适当的车辆基础设施匹配。除了增加对基础设施开发的需求外,目前可以高达4.50欧元的电子燃料的高成本也是该技术未来发展的限制因素。To ensure that the full potential of e-fuels is capable of meeting the E.U.’s expected emission goals over the next several decades, there is an urgent need for policy makers to develop a structured agenda that supports technology research, market development and regulation of e-fuels to allow for its realistic application across all sectors in the near future.
奥迪的电子天然气进步
在过去的几年里,汽车公司奥迪在E-Fuels推进方面是一个领先的开发商。奥迪这一科学领域的最值得注意的发展中的一些包括它们的电子天然气,E-柴油和E-乙醇燃料,所有这些都是能够以与传统化亚博老虎机网登录石燃料相同的方式供电。The only difference between Audi’s e-fuels and traditional fuel options is that Audi utilizes carbon dioxide (CO2) as the raw material, which means that the same amount of CO2 that is used to create the e-fuel is the same that is burned while it is being used2. While this may not seem like a particularly environmentally friendly option since Audi’s e-fuels still burn CO2, they are a much cleaner option as compared to currently used fossil fuel alternatives.
In an effort to further progress their e-fuel development, Audi has recently developed their newest e-fuel option known as ‘e-benzin.’ Following the production of a gaseous isobutene (C4H8), an additional hydrogen is added to form isooctane (C8H18), which produces a final product that is free of both sulfur and benzene3. As a result, when e-benzin is used by engines and burned, it produces an exceptionally low amount of pollutants in the air. Audi has also found that this high-purity synthetic fuel exhibits impressive anti-knock properties while also increasing engine compression and overall fuel efficiency in applied vehicles.
电子燃料解决方案
虽然E-Fuels纯粹是清洁能源选择,但他们扩大使用可再生电力的能力有望增加各种工业部门的可持续移动性。与使用电子燃料相关的最大优势之一是它们用于含有传统汽油/柴油/气体基础设施的车辆的能力。尽管与电子燃料相比,纯电池运行的车辆具有提高的燃料生产效率,同时完全消除了任何潜在的能量损失或环境冲击,但这些选项目前无法用于更大的运输车辆。因此,研究人员认为,电子燃料的最有利应用将在航空业内,这一燃料选择预计将大大改变飞机的燃油效率和环境影响。
参考
“欧盟低排放运输的电力燃料潜力” - 德国能源机构
“这款电子燃料就像汽油一样,但完全是碳中性“ - Jalopnik.
“奥迪推进电子燃料技术:新的“E-Benzin”燃料正在测试“ - 奥迪MediaCenter
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